{"schema_version":1,"layer":"air","reviewed_on":"2026-10-28","coverage_note":"Generator counts documented in selected permits, not a complete state or national count. A construction or operation permit does not prove equipment installation, operating hours, measured emissions or a data center opening.","items":[{"id":"air-hi-noncovered-emergency-20261025","kind":"permit_context","subject":"Hawaii noncovered emergency equipment exception conditions","state_codes":["hi"],"scope":"Selected current rule conditions with potential emission and other requirement boundaries.","fields":{"status":{"value":"program","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025","hi-current-rule-index-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"hi_emergency_rule_basis":{"value":"Conditional noncovered source emergency equipment exception, not facility exemption or approval","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025","hi-current-rule-index-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"compilation_version":{"value":"Official current index links compilation effective February8 2024; older typed PDF linked by forms page not controlling this review.","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025","hi-current-rule-index-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"permit_sequence":{"value":"Section62a requires noncovered source permit before construction, reconstruction, modification, relocation or operation, subject to its stated exceptions.","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"standby_use_gate":{"value":"Section62d8 covers standby electricity generators, standby sewage pump drives and emergency equipment protecting personnel and public health and welfare, used only during power outages, emergency equipment maintenance and testing.","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"fuel_gate":{"value":"Fired exclusively by natural or synthetic gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fuel oil No1 orNo2, or diesel fuel oil No1D orNo2D.","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"potential_emissions_gate":{"value":"Equipment must not trigger PSD or covered source review based on potential regulated or hazardous air pollutant emissions.","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"exception_boundary":{"value":"Section62d exception is from subsectiona requirements, does not erase other applicable requirements or covered source determination; director may disallow exception for additional controls or monitoring.","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"design_boundary":{"value":"Noncovered source permit does not constitute approval of source design; applicant remains responsible for applicable construction and operation requirements.","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"scope_boundary":{"value":"Only selected noncovered source provision reviewed. Covered source section82, complete exemption inventory, individual generator eligibility and hour limits not admitted.","source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8."},"individual_eligibility":{"value":null,"source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8.","unknown_reason":"No individual equipment determination, actual outcome or exact record match reviewed."},"actual_installed_equipment":{"value":null,"source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8.","unknown_reason":"No individual equipment determination, actual outcome or exact record match reviewed."},"actual_generation":{"value":null,"source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8.","unknown_reason":"No individual equipment determination, actual outcome or exact record match reviewed."},"measured_emissions":{"value":null,"source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8.","unknown_reason":"No individual equipment determination, actual outcome or exact record match reviewed."},"atlas_record_id":{"value":null,"source_ids":["hi-current-air-rules-20261025"],"scope":"Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory.","locator":"Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8.","unknown_reason":"No individual equipment determination, actual outcome or exact record match reviewed."}}},{"id":"air-egrid-state-2023-hi","subject":"Hawaii historical2023 electricity-generation emissions","kind":"emissions_context","state_codes":["hi"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","fields":{"status":{"value":"historical","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 Data Year column"},"egrid_report_year":{"value":"2023","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 YEAR column"},"egrid_state_fips":{"value":"15","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 FIPSST column"},"egrid_state_basis":{"value":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 labels,codes,units and review scope"},"egrid_annual_net_generation":{"value":9158617.733,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STNGENAN (State annual net generation (MWh))","unit":"MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_net_generation","source_token":"9158617.7329999991"},"egrid_annual_nox_emissions":{"value":22671.585,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STNOXAN (State annual NOx emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_nox_emissions","source_token":"22671.584999999999"},"egrid_annual_so2_emissions":{"value":19871.902,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STSO2AN (State annual SO2 emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_so2_emissions","source_token":"19871.901999999998"},"egrid_annual_co2_emissions":{"value":6342943.221,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STCO2AN (State annual CO2 emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_co2_emissions","source_token":"6342943.2209999999"},"egrid_nox_total_output_rate":{"value":4.951,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STNOXRTA (State annual NOx total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_nox_total_output_rate","source_token":"4.9509999999999996"},"egrid_so2_total_output_rate":{"value":4.339,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STSO2RTA (State annual SO2 total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_so2_total_output_rate","source_token":"4.3390000000000004"},"egrid_co2_total_output_rate":{"value":1385.131,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STCO2RTA (State annual CO2 total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_co2_total_output_rate","source_token":"1385.1310000000001"},"egrid_annual_ch4_emissions_lb":{"value":1256164.629,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STCH4AN (State annual CH4 emissions (lbs))","unit":"lbs","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_ch4_emissions","source_token":"1256164.629"},"egrid_annual_co2e_emissions":{"value":6386669.894,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STCO2EQA (State annual CO2 equivalent emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_co2e_emissions","source_token":"6386669.8940000003"},"egrid_annual_n2o_emissions_lb":{"value":197285.791,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STN2OAN (State annual N2O emissions (lbs))","unit":"lbs","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_n2o_emissions","source_token":"197285.791"},"egrid_ozone_season_nox_total_output_rate":{"value":4.699,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STNOXRTO (State ozone season NOx total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_ozone_season_nox_total_output_rate","source_token":"4.6989999999999998"},"egrid_extended_basis":{"value":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 field labels,report year and annual-versus-ozone-season units"},"egrid_ozone_season_nox_emissions":{"value":9120.456,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STNOXOZ (State ozone season NOx emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_ozone_season_nox_emissions","source_token":"9120.4560000000001"},"egrid_co2e_total_output_rate":{"value":1394.68,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STC2ERTA (State annual CO2 equivalent total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_co2e_total_output_rate","source_token":"1394.68"},"egrid_ch4_total_output_rate":{"value":0.137,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STCH4RTA (State annual CH4 total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_ch4_total_output_rate","source_token":"0.13700000000000001"},"egrid_n2o_total_output_rate":{"value":0.022,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 HI row 14, STN2ORTA (State annual N2O total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_n2o_total_output_rate","source_token":"2.1999999999999999E-2"}}},{"id":"air-eia-state-emissions-2025-hi","kind":"emissions_context","subject":"Hawaii historical power and useful thermal emissions2025 and2024","state_codes":["hi"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","fields":{"status":{"value":"historical","source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 years2025 and2024"},"eia_emissions_basis":{"value":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 header and methodological notes"},"eia_emissions_co2_2025":{"value":5880.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 Hawaii row;co2;Year 2025","source_token":"5,880","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_co2_2024":{"value":5938.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 Hawaii row;co2;Year 2024","source_token":"5,938","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_so2_2025":{"value":17.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 Hawaii row;so2;Year 2025","source_token":"17","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_so2_2024":{"value":16.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 Hawaii row;so2;Year 2024","source_token":"16","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_nox_2025":{"value":16.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 Hawaii row;nox;Year 2025","source_token":"16","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_nox_2024":{"value":16.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 Hawaii row;nox;Year 2024","source_token":"16","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"}}}],"sources":{"hi-current-air-rules-20261025":{"url":"https://health.hawaii.gov/opppd/files/2026/08/chapter-11-60.1-HAR-effective-2024.02.08.pdf","checked_at":"2026-10-25T02:04:13.920021+00:00","sha256":"dbbbec39e284667aff19ba8f7c1aa13a6b3494a10ad037a0a7c547ee46cab8a9","title":"Hawaii current official air rules compilation","publisher":"Hawaii Department of Health","tier":"A","published_on":null,"date_note":"Compilation effective February8 2024;2026upload date not new effective date. Exact online publication day unknown.","scope":"PDF frames1,3,72through75 and80 visually reviewed; only section62a,c,d introduction andd8 admitted. Not whole265page compilation or covered source section82.","establishes_status":["program"]},"hi-current-rule-index-20261025":{"url":"https://health.hawaii.gov/opppd/department-of-health-administrative-rules-title-11/","checked_at":"2026-10-25T02:04:09.793868+00:00","sha256":"6d2ec8d0487d571003860d006919a6b79db38db3e482c4938f67fa883cd75218","title":"Hawaii DOH current Title11 rules index","publisher":"Hawaii Department of Health","tier":"A","published_on":null,"date_note":"Compilation effective February8 2024;2026upload date not new effective date. Exact online publication day unknown.","scope":"Current official chapter60.1 link and effective date only.","establishes_status":["program"]},"epa-egrid2023-states-rev2":{"url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx","title":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 original workbook ST23 state emissions,generation and total output rates","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","published_on":null,"date_note":"Exact workbook publication day not established;2025-06 path is a storage folder,not an exact publication date.2023 is report year,not retrieval year.","checked_at":"2026-10-27T21:05:24.064631+00:00","sha256":"895cd81dd8662406189ad8adf5a2578dcb362cdb5cff7cca81b10ee6bd2447c6","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/epa-egrid2023-data-rev2.bin","tier":"A","scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Download index identifies eGRID2023 revision2;only workbook metadata/shared strings/ST23 entries read,no whole-archive extraction.","establishes_status":["historical"]},"eia-epa2025-state-emissions":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","title":"Electric Power Annual Table9.5 state power and CHP emissions2025 and2024","published_on":"2026-10-21","checked_at":"2026-10-28T02:40:42.051795+00:00","sha256":"36e6dbf2164041a56f6985a5fcac8357791d95eb82545bfc542aea095c38d5dd","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/eia-epa2025-state-emissions-20261028.html","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins."}},"details":[{"id":"air-hi-noncovered-emergency-20261025","html":"

Hawaii noncovered emergency equipment exception conditions

Selected current rule conditions with potential emission and other requirement boundaries.

Status
programHawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026. Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Hi emergency rule basis
Conditional noncovered source emergency equipment exception, not facility exemption or approvalHawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026. Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Compilation version
Official current index links compilation effective February8 2024; older typed PDF linked by forms page not controlling this review.Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026. Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Permit sequence
Section62a requires noncovered source permit before construction, reconstruction, modification, relocation or operation, subject to its stated exceptions.Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Standby use gate
Section62d8 covers standby electricity generators, standby sewage pump drives and emergency equipment protecting personnel and public health and welfare, used only during power outages, emergency equipment maintenance and testing.Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Fuel gate
Fired exclusively by natural or synthetic gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fuel oil No1 orNo2, or diesel fuel oil No1D orNo2D.Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Potential emissions gate
Equipment must not trigger PSD or covered source review based on potential regulated or hazardous air pollutant emissions.Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Exception boundary
Section62d exception is from subsectiona requirements, does not erase other applicable requirements or covered source determination; director may disallow exception for additional controls or monitoring.Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Design boundary
Noncovered source permit does not constitute approval of source design; applicant remains responsible for applicable construction and operation requirements.Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Scope boundary
Only selected noncovered source provision reviewed. Covered source section82, complete exemption inventory, individual generator eligibility and hour limits not admitted.Hawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Individual eligibility
Not establishedHawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Actual installed equipment
Not establishedHawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Actual generation
Not establishedHawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Measured emissions
Not establishedHawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

Atlas record id
Not establishedHawaii Department of Health. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.

Conditional noncovered rule context, not blanket data center exemption or operating inventory. Locator: Compilation frames72through75; section62a,c,d introduction andd8..

"},{"id":"air-egrid-state-2023-hi","html":"

Hawaii historical2023 electricity-generation emissions

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.

Status
historicalU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 Data Year column.

Egrid report year
2023U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 YEAR column.

Egrid state fips
15U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 FIPSST column.

Egrid state basis
EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 labels,codes,units and review scope.

Egrid annual net generation
9158617.73 MWhU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STNGENAN (State annual net generation (MWh)).

Egrid annual nox emissions
22671.58 tonsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STNOXAN (State annual NOx emissions (tons)).

Egrid annual so2 emissions
19871.90 tonsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STSO2AN (State annual SO2 emissions (tons)).

Egrid annual co2 emissions
6342943.22 tonsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STCO2AN (State annual CO2 emissions (tons)).

Egrid nox total output rate
4.95 lb per MWhU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STNOXRTA (State annual NOx total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).

Egrid so2 total output rate
4.34 lb per MWhU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STSO2RTA (State annual SO2 total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).

Egrid co2 total output rate
1385.13 lb per MWhU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STCO2RTA (State annual CO2 total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).

Egrid annual ch4 emissions lb
1256164.63 lbsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STCH4AN (State annual CH4 emissions (lbs)).

Egrid annual co2e emissions
6386669.89 tonsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STCO2EQA (State annual CO2 equivalent emissions (tons)).

Egrid annual n2o emissions lb
197285.79 lbsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STN2OAN (State annual N2O emissions (lbs)).

Egrid ozone season nox total output rate
4.70 lb per MWhU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STNOXRTO (State ozone season NOx total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).

Egrid extended basis
Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 field labels,report year and annual-versus-ozone-season units.

Egrid ozone season nox emissions
9120.46 tonsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STNOXOZ (State ozone season NOx emissions (tons)).

Egrid co2e total output rate
1394.68 lb per MWhU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STC2ERTA (State annual CO2 equivalent total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).

Egrid ch4 total output rate
0.14 lb per MWhU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STCH4RTA (State annual CH4 total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).

Egrid n2o total output rate
0.02 lb per MWhU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.

Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 HI row 14, STN2ORTA (State annual N2O total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).

"},{"id":"air-eia-state-emissions-2025-hi","html":"

Hawaii historical power and useful thermal emissions2025 and2024

EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.

Status
historicalU.S. Energy Information Administration. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.

EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 years2025 and2024.

Eia emissions basis
EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.U.S. Energy Information Administration. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.

EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 header and methodological notes.

Eia emissions co2 2025
5880.00 thousand metric tonsU.S. Energy Information Administration. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.

EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 Hawaii row;co2;Year 2025.

Eia emissions co2 2024
5938.00 thousand metric tonsU.S. Energy Information Administration. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.

EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 Hawaii row;co2;Year 2024.

Eia emissions so2 2025
17.00 thousand metric tonsU.S. Energy Information Administration. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.

EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 Hawaii row;so2;Year 2025.

Eia emissions so2 2024
16.00 thousand metric tonsU.S. Energy Information Administration. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.

EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 Hawaii row;so2;Year 2024.

Eia emissions nox 2025
16.00 thousand metric tonsU.S. Energy Information Administration. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.

EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 Hawaii row;nox;Year 2025.

Eia emissions nox 2024
16.00 thousand metric tonsU.S. Energy Information Administration. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.

EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 Hawaii row;nox;Year 2024.

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