{"schema_version":1,"layer":"air","reviewed_on":"2026-10-28","coverage_note":"Generator counts documented in selected permits, not a complete state or national count. A construction or operation permit does not prove equipment installation, operating hours, measured emissions or a data center opening.","items":[{"id":"air-nc-amazon-energy-way-20260828","kind":"generator_permit","state_codes":["nc"],"subject":"Amazon Energy Way Tech Campus backup generators","scope":"Dated final permit review. Backup and temporary power have different purposes and equipment scopes. No observed operation or grid acceptance is established.","fields":{"status":{"value":"permitted","source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"Authorization documented on August 28, 2026.","locator":"Signed final permit"},"effective_on":{"value":"2026-08-28","source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"Permit effective date, not an opening.","locator":"Cover letter and permit header"},"generation_role":{"value":"Emergency backup","source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"Distinct operating purpose; these permit scopes are not summed.","locator":"Listed emission sources and specific conditions"},"permit_identifier":{"value":"10894R00","source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"Exact final permit version.","locator":"Permit heading"},"actual_started_on":{"value":null,"source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"An actual startup date has not been independently reviewed.","locator":"Review limit","unknown_reason":"An actual startup date has not been independently reviewed."},"measured_emissions":{"value":null,"source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"Permit limits and modeled emissions are not actual measured emissions.","locator":"Review limit","unknown_reason":"Permit limits and modeled emissions are not actual measured emissions."},"atlas_record_id":{"value":null,"source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"An exact existing Atlas campus or building identity has not been independently joined.","locator":"Identity hold","unknown_reason":"An exact existing Atlas campus or building identity has not been independently joined."},"later_legal_outcome":{"value":null,"source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"Later amendments, contested case decisions and any stay have not been independently reviewed.","locator":"Dated permit scope","unknown_reason":"Later amendments, contested case decisions and any stay have not been independently reviewed."},"generator_count":{"value":592,"source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-review","nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"Permitted generator assemblies, not observed installed equipment or combustion engine count.","locator":"Review table 3.1, PDF page 4","unit":"generators","measurement_role":"permitted_equipment"},"equipment_scope":{"value":"588 critical and four ancillary emergency generators.","source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-review"],"scope":"The agency announcement highlights critical backup units; the final review table includes the ancillary units.","locator":"Table 3.1, PDF page 4"},"fuel":{"value":"Diesel or hydrotreated vegetable oil meeting the specified fuel standard.","source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"Fuel authorization, not evidence of actual fuel burned.","locator":"Section 2.1 A.3.e"},"facility_address":{"value":"1761 Airport Road, Hamlet, Richmond County, North Carolina","source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-review"],"scope":"Facility location, not mailing office or hearing venue.","locator":"Facility data and section 3"},"restrictions":{"value":"Emergency, maintenance, testing and narrowly permitted non emergency use are governed by Section 2.1 A.3.j.","source_ids":["nc-amazon-final-permit"],"scope":"The emergency classification does not authorize general commercial power. Other permit conditions also apply.","locator":"Section 2.1 A.3.j"}}},{"id":"air-nc-duke-bridge-20260828","kind":"generator_permit","state_codes":["nc"],"subject":"Duke temporary bridge generators serving Energy Way Tech Campus","scope":"Dated final permit review. Backup and temporary power have different purposes and equipment scopes. No observed operation or grid acceptance is established.","fields":{"status":{"value":"permitted","source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"Authorization documented on August 28, 2026.","locator":"Signed final permit"},"effective_on":{"value":"2026-08-28","source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"Permit effective date, not an opening.","locator":"Cover letter and permit header"},"generation_role":{"value":"Temporary non emergency power","source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"Distinct operating purpose; these permit scopes are not summed.","locator":"Listed emission sources and specific conditions"},"permit_identifier":{"value":"08759T29","source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"Exact final permit version.","locator":"Permit heading"},"actual_started_on":{"value":null,"source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"An actual startup date has not been independently reviewed.","locator":"Review limit","unknown_reason":"An actual startup date has not been independently reviewed."},"measured_emissions":{"value":null,"source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"Permit limits and modeled emissions are not actual measured emissions.","locator":"Review limit","unknown_reason":"Permit limits and modeled emissions are not actual measured emissions."},"atlas_record_id":{"value":null,"source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"An exact existing Atlas campus or building identity has not been independently joined.","locator":"Identity hold","unknown_reason":"An exact existing Atlas campus or building identity has not been independently joined."},"later_legal_outcome":{"value":null,"source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"Later amendments, contested case decisions and any stay have not been independently reviewed.","locator":"Dated permit scope","unknown_reason":"Later amendments, contested case decisions and any stay have not been independently reviewed."},"generator_count":{"value":57,"source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit","nc-duke-final-review"],"scope":"Permitted generator assemblies, not observed installed equipment or combustion engine count.","locator":"Final review section 4 and permit source inventory, PDF pages 9 and 10","unit":"generators","measurement_role":"permitted_equipment"},"equipment_scope":{"value":"GEN1 through GEN54 each have two engines; three smaller generators supply the bridge power project itself.","source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit","nc-duke-final-review"],"scope":"Count refers to generator assemblies. The wider permit also lists existing turbines, which are excluded here.","locator":"Permit emission inventory, PDF pages 9 and 10; final review section 4"},"fuel":{"value":"Diesel","source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"New non emergency generators only.","locator":"GEN1 through GEN57 inventory"},"restrictions":{"value":"No operation beyond 364 days after any new generator first operates. Power may support only the Amazon campus and the bridge assets, with no supply to the wider grid.","source_ids":["nc-duke-final-permit"],"scope":"State enforceable Section 2.1 K.7. No startup date or calendar retirement deadline is inferred.","locator":"Printed page 53, PDF page 57"}}},{"id":"air-egrid-state-2023-nc","subject":"North Carolina historical2023 electricity-generation emissions","kind":"emissions_context","state_codes":["nc"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","fields":{"status":{"value":"historical","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 Data Year column"},"egrid_report_year":{"value":"2023","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 YEAR column"},"egrid_state_fips":{"value":"37","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 FIPSST column"},"egrid_state_basis":{"value":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 labels,codes,units and review scope"},"egrid_annual_net_generation":{"value":126510680.084,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STNGENAN (State annual net generation (MWh))","unit":"MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_net_generation","source_token":"126510680.08400001"},"egrid_annual_nox_emissions":{"value":24398.718,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STNOXAN (State annual NOx emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_nox_emissions","source_token":"24398.718000000001"},"egrid_annual_so2_emissions":{"value":10478.67,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STSO2AN (State annual SO2 emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_so2_emissions","source_token":"10478.67"},"egrid_annual_co2_emissions":{"value":39468698.057,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STCO2AN (State annual CO2 emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_co2_emissions","source_token":"39468698.056999996"},"egrid_nox_total_output_rate":{"value":0.386,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STNOXRTA (State annual NOx total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_nox_total_output_rate","source_token":"0.38600000000000001"},"egrid_so2_total_output_rate":{"value":0.166,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STSO2RTA (State annual SO2 total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_so2_total_output_rate","source_token":"0.16600000000000001"},"egrid_co2_total_output_rate":{"value":623.958,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STCO2RTA (State annual CO2 total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_co2_total_output_rate","source_token":"623.95799999999997"},"egrid_annual_ch4_emissions_lb":{"value":4804411.318,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STCH4AN (State annual CH4 emissions (lbs))","unit":"lbs","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_ch4_emissions","source_token":"4804411.318"},"egrid_annual_co2e_emissions":{"value":39625542.178,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STCO2EQA (State annual CO2 equivalent emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_co2e_emissions","source_token":"39625542.178000003"},"egrid_annual_n2o_emissions_lb":{"value":676093.315,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STN2OAN (State annual N2O emissions (lbs))","unit":"lbs","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_annual_n2o_emissions","source_token":"676093.31499999994"},"egrid_ozone_season_nox_total_output_rate":{"value":0.423,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STNOXRTO (State ozone season NOx total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_ozone_season_nox_total_output_rate","source_token":"0.42299999999999999"},"egrid_extended_basis":{"value":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 field labels,report year and annual-versus-ozone-season units"},"egrid_ozone_season_nox_emissions":{"value":12361.583,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STNOXOZ (State ozone season NOx emissions (tons))","unit":"tons","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_ozone_season_nox_emissions","source_token":"12361.583000000001"},"egrid_co2e_total_output_rate":{"value":626.438,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STC2ERTA (State annual CO2 equivalent total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_co2e_total_output_rate","source_token":"626.43799999999999"},"egrid_ch4_total_output_rate":{"value":0.038,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STCH4RTA (State annual CH4 total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_ch4_total_output_rate","source_token":"3.7999999999999999E-2"},"egrid_n2o_total_output_rate":{"value":0.005,"source_ids":["epa-egrid2023-states-rev2"],"scope":"Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.","locator":"ST23 NC row 30, STN2ORTA (State annual N2O total output emission rate (lb/MWh))","unit":"lb per MWh","measurement_role":"reported_egrid_n2o_total_output_rate","source_token":"5.0000000000000001E-3"}}},{"id":"air-eia-state-emissions-2025-nc","kind":"emissions_context","subject":"North Carolina historical power and useful thermal emissions2025 and2024","state_codes":["nc"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","fields":{"status":{"value":"historical","source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 years2025 and2024"},"eia_emissions_basis":{"value":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 header and methodological notes"},"eia_emissions_co2_2025":{"value":41461.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 North Carolina row;co2;Year 2025","source_token":"41,461","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_co2_2024":{"value":41129.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 North Carolina row;co2;Year 2024","source_token":"41,129","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_so2_2025":{"value":20.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 North Carolina row;so2;Year 2025","source_token":"20","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_so2_2024":{"value":16.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 North Carolina row;so2;Year 2024","source_token":"16","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_nox_2025":{"value":37.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 North Carolina row;nox;Year 2025","source_token":"37","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"},"eia_emissions_nox_2024":{"value":37.0,"source_ids":["eia-epa2025-state-emissions"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.","locator":"Table9.5 North Carolina row;nox;Year 2024","source_token":"37","unit":"thousand metric tons","measurement_role":"agency_estimated_generation_and_useful_thermal_emissions"}}}],"sources":{"nc-amazon-final-permit":{"url":"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&dbid=0&repo=AirQuality","title":"Final air permit 10894R00, Energy Way Tech Campus","publisher":"North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality","published_on":"2026-08-28","date_note":null,"checked_at":"2026-10-23T12:56:53.948Z","sha256":"64339e4ab589005b163a9db77f7c877b0eb2334a9a38b03bc9240cf7ecc51ec5","scope":"Signed final permit and cover letter. Effective date actually viewed. This is permit authorization, not observed operation.","tier":"A","establishes_status":["permitted"]},"nc-amazon-final-review":{"url":"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656328&dbid=0&repo=AirQuality","title":"Final application review 7700104.25A","publisher":"North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality","published_on":"2026-08-28","date_note":null,"checked_at":"2026-10-23T12:57:01.457Z","sha256":"3f30db6c871d7674ea72fbae9c202ef52f61fbbdaa41d9e8a965840ad08e8f68","scope":"Final review dated August 28, 2026. Generator count table actually viewed on PDF page 4. The permit controls enforceable conditions.","tier":"A","establishes_status":[]},"nc-duke-final-permit":{"url":"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&dbid=0&repo=AirQuality","title":"Final air permit 08759T29, Richmond County turbines","publisher":"North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality","published_on":"2026-08-28","date_note":null,"checked_at":"2026-10-23T12:56:58.479Z","sha256":"9f0dbd6c69bfc0682d9b90600cc962035775cf65bbcba66fa55c3b0f78417ba0","scope":"Signed final modification. Count is the new GEN1 through GEN57 subset, not the entire existing plant. State enforceable timing and no grid export conditions actually viewed on PDF page 57.","tier":"A","establishes_status":["permitted"]},"nc-duke-final-review":{"url":"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656338&dbid=0&repo=AirQuality","title":"Final application review 7700070.26C","publisher":"North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality","published_on":"2026-08-28","date_note":null,"checked_at":"2026-10-23T12:57:07.580Z","sha256":"38e1191510e7cccde96a340b92acaa4e5d2ba7dff48c7baa71f50d760582a8bf","scope":"Final review explicitly describes 57 generators, including three smaller units supplying the bridge project itself. Counts refer to generators, not combustion engines.","tier":"A","establishes_status":[]},"epa-egrid2023-states-rev2":{"url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx","title":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 original workbook ST23 state emissions,generation and total output rates","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","published_on":null,"date_note":"Exact workbook publication day not established;2025-06 path is a storage folder,not an exact publication date.2023 is report year,not retrieval year.","checked_at":"2026-10-27T21:05:24.064631+00:00","sha256":"895cd81dd8662406189ad8adf5a2578dcb362cdb5cff7cca81b10ee6bd2447c6","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/epa-egrid2023-data-rev2.bin","tier":"A","scope":"EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Download index identifies eGRID2023 revision2;only workbook metadata/shared strings/ST23 entries read,no whole-archive extraction.","establishes_status":["historical"]},"eia-epa2025-state-emissions":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","title":"Electric Power Annual Table9.5 state power and CHP emissions2025 and2024","published_on":"2026-10-21","checked_at":"2026-10-28T02:40:42.051795+00:00","sha256":"36e6dbf2164041a56f6985a5fcac8357791d95eb82545bfc542aea095c38d5dd","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/eia-epa2025-state-emissions-20261028.html","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"],"scope":"EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins."}},"details":[{"id":"air-nc-amazon-energy-way-20260828","html":"<article><h3>Amazon Energy Way Tech Campus backup generators</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">Dated final permit review. Backup and temporary power have different purposes and equipment scopes. No observed operation or grid acceptance is established.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Status</dt><dd>permitted<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Authorization documented on August 28, 2026. Locator: Signed final permit.</p></dd><dt>Effective on</dt><dd>August 28, 2026<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Permit effective date, not an opening. Locator: Cover letter and permit header.</p></dd><dt>Generation role</dt><dd>Emergency backup<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Distinct operating purpose; these permit scopes are not summed. Locator: Listed emission sources and specific conditions.</p></dd><dt>Permit identifier</dt><dd>10894R00<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Exact final permit version. Locator: Permit heading.</p></dd><dt>Actual started on</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">An actual startup date has not been independently reviewed. Locator: Review limit.</p></dd><dt>Measured emissions</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Permit limits and modeled emissions are not actual measured emissions. Locator: Review limit.</p></dd><dt>Atlas record id</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">An exact existing Atlas campus or building identity has not been independently joined. Locator: Identity hold.</p></dd><dt>Later legal outcome</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Later amendments, contested case decisions and any stay have not been independently reviewed. Locator: Dated permit scope.</p></dd><dt>Generator count</dt><dd>592 generators<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656328&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Permitted generator assemblies, not observed installed equipment or combustion engine count. Locator: Review table 3.1, PDF page 4.</p></dd><dt>Equipment scope</dt><dd>588 critical and four ancillary emergency generators.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656328&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">The agency announcement highlights critical backup units; the final review table includes the ancillary units. Locator: Table 3.1, PDF page 4.</p></dd><dt>Fuel</dt><dd>Diesel or hydrotreated vegetable oil meeting the specified fuel standard.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Fuel authorization, not evidence of actual fuel burned. Locator: Section 2.1 A.3.e.</p></dd><dt>Facility address</dt><dd>1761 Airport Road, Hamlet, Richmond County, North Carolina<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656328&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Facility location, not mailing office or hearing venue. Locator: Facility data and section 3.</p></dd><dt>Restrictions</dt><dd>Emergency, maintenance, testing and narrowly permitted non emergency use are governed by Section 2.1 A.3.j.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656345&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">The emergency classification does not authorize general commercial power. Other permit conditions also apply. Locator: Section 2.1 A.3.j.</p></dd></dl></article>"},{"id":"air-nc-duke-bridge-20260828","html":"<article><h3>Duke temporary bridge generators serving Energy Way Tech Campus</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">Dated final permit review. Backup and temporary power have different purposes and equipment scopes. No observed operation or grid acceptance is established.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Status</dt><dd>permitted<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Authorization documented on August 28, 2026. Locator: Signed final permit.</p></dd><dt>Effective on</dt><dd>August 28, 2026<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Permit effective date, not an opening. Locator: Cover letter and permit header.</p></dd><dt>Generation role</dt><dd>Temporary non emergency power<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Distinct operating purpose; these permit scopes are not summed. Locator: Listed emission sources and specific conditions.</p></dd><dt>Permit identifier</dt><dd>08759T29<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Exact final permit version. Locator: Permit heading.</p></dd><dt>Actual started on</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">An actual startup date has not been independently reviewed. Locator: Review limit.</p></dd><dt>Measured emissions</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Permit limits and modeled emissions are not actual measured emissions. Locator: Review limit.</p></dd><dt>Atlas record id</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">An exact existing Atlas campus or building identity has not been independently joined. Locator: Identity hold.</p></dd><dt>Later legal outcome</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Later amendments, contested case decisions and any stay have not been independently reviewed. Locator: Dated permit scope.</p></dd><dt>Generator count</dt><dd>57 generators<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656338&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Permitted generator assemblies, not observed installed equipment or combustion engine count. Locator: Final review section 4 and permit source inventory, PDF pages 9 and 10.</p></dd><dt>Equipment scope</dt><dd>GEN1 through GEN54 each have two engines; three smaller generators supply the bridge power project itself.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656338&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Count refers to generator assemblies. The wider permit also lists existing turbines, which are excluded here. Locator: Permit emission inventory, PDF pages 9 and 10; final review section 4.</p></dd><dt>Fuel</dt><dd>Diesel<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">New non emergency generators only. Locator: GEN1 through GEN57 inventory.</p></dd><dt>Restrictions</dt><dd>No operation beyond 364 days after any new generator first operates. Power may support only the Amazon campus and the bridge assets, with no supply to the wider grid.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://edocs.deq.nc.gov/AirQuality/DocView.aspx?id=656336&amp;dbid=0&amp;repo=AirQuality\">North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality</a>. Source: August 28, 2026. Checked: October 23, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">State enforceable Section 2.1 K.7. No startup date or calendar retirement deadline is inferred. Locator: Printed page 53, PDF page 57.</p></dd></dl></article>"},{"id":"air-egrid-state-2023-nc","html":"<article><h3>North Carolina historical2023 electricity-generation emissions</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Status</dt><dd>historical<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 Data Year column.</p></dd><dt>Egrid report year</dt><dd>2023<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 YEAR column.</p></dd><dt>Egrid state fips</dt><dd>37<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 FIPSST column.</p></dd><dt>Egrid state basis</dt><dd>EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 labels,codes,units and review scope.</p></dd><dt>Egrid annual net generation</dt><dd>126510680.08 MWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STNGENAN (State annual net generation (MWh)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid annual nox emissions</dt><dd>24398.72 tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STNOXAN (State annual NOx emissions (tons)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid annual so2 emissions</dt><dd>10478.67 tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STSO2AN (State annual SO2 emissions (tons)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid annual co2 emissions</dt><dd>39468698.06 tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STCO2AN (State annual CO2 emissions (tons)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid nox total output rate</dt><dd>0.39 lb per MWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STNOXRTA (State annual NOx total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid so2 total output rate</dt><dd>0.17 lb per MWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STSO2RTA (State annual SO2 total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid co2 total output rate</dt><dd>623.96 lb per MWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EPA eGRID2023 revision2 state electricity-generation emissions context,ST23 worksheet. Historical2023,not current2026 conditions or data center facility emissions. Annual NOx,SO2 andCO2 totals in source tons are distinct from source-reported total output rates in lb/MWh;CO2 is not CO2 equivalent. Annual net generation is MWh,not installed capacity or customer use. Rates are not marginal emissions,ambient concentrations,health effects or emissions factors allocated to a data center. No tons-to-tonnes conversion,rate recomputation,facility join or causal data center inference. State generation context does not establish the mix delivered to consumers. Puerto Rico source row is outside this51state/DC review,not absence. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STCO2RTA (State annual CO2 total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid annual ch4 emissions lb</dt><dd>4804411.32 lbs<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STCH4AN (State annual CH4 emissions (lbs)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid annual co2e emissions</dt><dd>39625542.18 tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STCO2EQA (State annual CO2 equivalent emissions (tons)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid annual n2o emissions lb</dt><dd>676093.31 lbs<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STN2OAN (State annual N2O emissions (lbs)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid ozone season nox total output rate</dt><dd>0.42 lb per MWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STNOXRTO (State ozone season NOx total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid extended basis</dt><dd>Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 field labels,report year and annual-versus-ozone-season units.</p></dd><dt>Egrid ozone season nox emissions</dt><dd>12361.58 tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STNOXOZ (State ozone season NOx emissions (tons)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid co2e total output rate</dt><dd>626.44 lb per MWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STC2ERTA (State annual CO2 equivalent total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid ch4 total output rate</dt><dd>0.04 lb per MWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STCH4RTA (State annual CH4 total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).</p></dd><dt>Egrid n2o total output rate</dt><dd>0.01 lb per MWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-06/egrid2023_data_rev2.xlsx\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2023 EPA eGRID ST23 source-reported CH4,N2O,CO2 equivalent and ozone-season NOx context. Annual CH4/N2O totals are source lbs;CO2 equivalent total is source tons;total output rates are lb/MWh. CO2 equivalent differs from raw CO2; no global-warming-potential factor assumed or recomputed,no pounds/tons/metric-tonne conversion. Source-defined ozone-season NOx is not full-year NOx or an ambient ozone concentration. Annual and seasonal rates and totals remain separate,not summed across scopes. No marginal,facility,health-risk or attributable data center emissions inference. Locator: ST23 NC row 30, STN2ORTA (State annual N2O total output emission rate (lb/MWh)).</p></dd></dl></article>"},{"id":"air-eia-state-emissions-2025-nc","html":"<article><h3>North Carolina historical power and useful thermal emissions2025 and2024</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Status</dt><dd>historical<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html\">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 years2025 and2024.</p></dd><dt>Eia emissions basis</dt><dd>EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html\">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 header and methodological notes.</p></dd><dt>Eia emissions co2 2025</dt><dd>41461.00 thousand metric tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html\">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 North Carolina row;co2;Year 2025.</p></dd><dt>Eia emissions co2 2024</dt><dd>41129.00 thousand metric tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html\">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 North Carolina row;co2;Year 2024.</p></dd><dt>Eia emissions so2 2025</dt><dd>20.00 thousand metric tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html\">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 North Carolina row;so2;Year 2025.</p></dd><dt>Eia emissions so2 2024</dt><dd>16.00 thousand metric tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html\">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 North Carolina row;so2;Year 2024.</p></dd><dt>Eia emissions nox 2025</dt><dd>37.00 thousand metric tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html\">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 North Carolina row;nox;Year 2025.</p></dd><dt>Eia emissions nox 2024</dt><dd>37.00 thousand metric tons<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/table.php?t=epa_09_05.html\">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>. Source: October 21, 2026. Checked: October 28, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">EIA Table9.5 historical state2025 and2024 emissions estimates from energy consumption at conventional power and combined-heat-and-power plants. Includes electricity generation AND production of useful thermal output,not electricity-only emissions. Source unit is thousand metric tons,not eGRID source tons,pounds,CO2equivalent or emission intensity. Source CO2,SO2 and NOx are distinct pollutants,not summed as one climate measure. Displayed zero values may represent small values rounded to zero;no absence or zero-emissions certification. Retain displayed HTML precision;source says Excel cells provide additional precision,not adopted here. No direct eGRID trend or data center allocation,marginal emissions,ambient concentration,health risk,permit compliance,current2026 activity or Native facility joins. Locator: Table9.5 North Carolina row;nox;Year 2024.</p></dd></dl></article>"}]}