{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "source_compilation_context": {
    "ma": {
      "attribution": {
        "inventory": {
          "name": "Compute Atlas",
          "creator": "Edward Kubiak",
          "url": "https://www.compute-atlas.com/api",
          "license": "CC BY 4.0",
          "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
          "snapshot_url": "https://www.compute-atlas.com/api/facilities",
          "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
          "sha256": "79ad432dab7c128e428234c9d0dd40933114b415a4a5d697db00095637d50f37",
          "changes": "Added provenance, publication-date distinctions, display-safe wording, quarantine flags and state partitioning. Original source records retained locally."
        },
        "counties": "U.S. Census Bureau county boundaries (public domain)",
        "research": "Field-specific source context. See the linked source and limits on each record."
      },
      "source_data_url": "https://datacentersatlas.com/data/ma.json",
      "updated": "2026-10-24"
    }
  },
  "scope": "Exact retained city label subset. This is not a municipal boundary or complete city inventory. Research records retain their sources, dates and location limits. Counts are not a census of operating buildings. Company name links alone do not establish ownership or operation.",
  "collection": {
    "kind": "cities",
    "key": "ma/holyoke",
    "label": "Holyoke, Massachusetts"
  },
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "chestnut-river-holyoke-ma",
      "state": "ma",
      "kind": "facility",
      "name": "Chestnut River Holyoke Data Center (former Hampden Papers complex)",
      "group": "unknown",
      "status": "Status unclear",
      "raw_status": "",
      "status_field": "",
      "crypto": false,
      "type": "Data center (inventory classification)",
      "counties": [
        "Hampden"
      ],
      "city": "Holyoke",
      "address": "",
      "who": "",
      "end_user": "",
      "mw": null,
      "power": "",
      "power_note": "",
      "investment": "",
      "jobs": "",
      "acres": null,
      "utility": "",
      "water": "",
      "incentives": "",
      "note": "Manual source context is available for this inherited inventory record. The inventory label and approximate geography are retained for discovery. This is not certification of current operation, ownership, a separate physical building, technical capacity or a precise parcel. Missing fields remain unknown. Named content personally reviewed; no whole-record certification. Dates and forecasts remain source-specific.. Mayor veto remained possible; original effective ordinance not retained. Developer had not bought property/filed permits. Proposed20MW and mayor21MW differ;250000 gallons/day is preliminary estimate. Ban is not every server room. Subsequent original decisions and current operator disclosures take precedence. Fields can apply to shared campus, regional or historical context; consult source review before assigning to a building.",
      "date": "",
      "events": [
        [
          "2026-06-16",
          "The original Holyoke Council minutes record June 16, 2026 adoption of the general computing zoning order by nine votes to four, after a specific MGHPCC amendment. The separate study committee order was referred to committee. This records Council action rather than an independently read mayoral signature, legal commencement or exact Chestnut River project denial or physical closure."
        ]
      ],
      "timeline": [],
      "opened": "",
      "tier": "",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://gazettenet.com/2026/06/17/holyoke-first-in-state-to-ban-development-of-ai-data-centers/",
          "host": "gazettenet.com",
          "date": "2026-06-17",
          "published": "2026-06-17",
          "checked": "2026-10-14",
          "date_kind": "publication",
          "label": "Reviewed source"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.holyoke.org/meetings/holyoke-city-council-meeting-june-16-2026/",
          "host": "www.holyoke.org",
          "published": "",
          "date": "",
          "checked": "2026-10-23",
          "label": "Reviewed government record"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/proudcity/holyokema/2026/04/item-3-june-16-2026-city-council-meeting-minutes-b22fb633.pdf",
          "host": "storage.googleapis.com",
          "published": "",
          "date": "",
          "checked": "2026-10-24",
          "label": "Reviewed government record"
        }
      ],
      "loc": {
        "lat": 42.13526,
        "lng": -72.63153,
        "precision": "county",
        "basis": "Shown at county level only. The dot is placed inside the county for the map and is not the site, its address or a parcel."
      },
      "reviewed_evidence": [
        {
          "overlay": "regional-development-review-round24-2026-10-14.json",
          "scope": "Named content personally reviewed; no whole-record certification. Dates and forecasts remain source-specific.",
          "fields": {
            "reported_context": "Gazette reports Holyoke council9to4 vote prohibiting AI data-center development over12MW, with MGHPCC exclusion.",
            "independently_verified_current_operating_status": null
          },
          "notes": [
            "Mayor veto remained possible; original effective ordinance not retained. Developer had not bought property/filed permits. Proposed20MW and mayor21MW differ;250000 gallons/day is preliminary estimate. Ban is not every server room.",
            "Subsequent original decisions and current operator disclosures take precedence.",
            "Fields can apply to shared campus, regional or historical context; consult source review before assigning to a building."
          ],
          "sources": [
            {
              "url": "https://gazettenet.com/2026/06/17/holyoke-first-in-state-to-ban-development-of-ai-data-centers/",
              "host": "gazettenet.com",
              "date": "2026-06-17",
              "published": "2026-06-17",
              "checked": "2026-10-14",
              "date_kind": "publication",
              "label": "Reviewed source"
            }
          ],
          "whole_record_certified": false
        },
        {
          "overlay": "Codex 3 research cohort 66",
          "scope": "Selected original June 16, 2026 Council minute text records public discussion mentioning Chestnut River and a computing proposal, while officials distinguish press discussion from a filed application. The same minutes record a separate general computing ban vote by nine to four and a specific MGHPCC amendment. This retains reported proposal and municipal policy context without independently resolving exact present Chestnut River property eligibility, construction, operation or physical closure. Private resident identities, addresses, medical accounts and unsupported technical allegations are excluded. The original code route remains a transport hold, and a privately reported later mayoral signature was not independently read. The meeting page displays an April 29 file date that conflicts with the June 16 minute heading; no publication day is repaired or inferred.",
          "fields": {
            "current_stage_evidence": {
              "outcome": "official_holyoke_public_discussion_and_general_ban_exact_site_stage_held",
              "scope": "Selected original June 16, 2026 Council minute text records public discussion mentioning Chestnut River and a computing proposal, while officials distinguish press discussion from a filed application. The same minutes record a separate general computing ban vote by nine to four and a specific MGHPCC amendment. This retains reported proposal and municipal policy context without independently resolving exact present Chestnut River property eligibility, construction, operation or physical closure. Private resident identities, addresses, medical accounts and unsupported technical allegations are excluded. The original code route remains a transport hold, and a privately reported later mayoral signature was not independently read. The meeting page displays an April 29 file date that conflicts with the June 16 minute heading; no publication day is repaired or inferred."
            },
            "source_read_scope": {
              "original_meeting_agenda_computing_items_read": true,
              "selected_original_minute_passages_read_on_physical_pages": [
                1,
                2,
                3,
                10,
                11,
                12,
                13,
                14
              ],
              "complete_minute_review_not_claimed": true,
              "final9to4_vote_not_failed_committee_moratorium": true,
              "final_mghpcc12mw_amendment_retained": true,
              "study_committee_june30_2027_not_ban_expiry": true,
              "wrapper_april29_and_june16_body_date_conflict_retained": true,
              "private_resident_details_excluded": true,
              "full_executed_ordinance_and_later_mayoral_signature_unread": true
            }
          },
          "notes": [
            "Selected original June 16, 2026 Council minute text records public discussion mentioning Chestnut River and a computing proposal, while officials distinguish press discussion from a filed application. The same minutes record a separate general computing ban vote by nine to four and a specific MGHPCC amendment. This retains reported proposal and municipal policy context without independently resolving exact present Chestnut River property eligibility, construction, operation or physical closure. Private resident identities, addresses, medical accounts and unsupported technical allegations are excluded. The original code route remains a transport hold, and a privately reported later mayoral signature was not independently read. The meeting page displays an April 29 file date that conflicts with the June 16 minute heading; no publication day is repaired or inferred.",
            "Existing roles, identities, physical placement, jurisdiction assignments, technical quantities and exact first opening days remain unchanged. Source retrieval does not date physical commissioning."
          ],
          "sources": [
            {
              "url": "https://www.holyoke.org/meetings/holyoke-city-council-meeting-june-16-2026/",
              "host": "www.holyoke.org",
              "published": "",
              "date": "",
              "checked": "2026-10-23",
              "label": "Reviewed government record"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/proudcity/holyokema/2026/04/item-3-june-16-2026-city-council-meeting-minutes-b22fb633.pdf",
              "host": "storage.googleapis.com",
              "published": "",
              "date": "",
              "checked": "2026-10-24",
              "label": "Reviewed government record"
            }
          ],
          "checked": "2026-10-24",
          "whole_record_certified": false
        }
      ],
      "manual_source_reviewed": true,
      "whole_record_certified": false,
      "field_evidence_present": true,
      "inventory_label_retained": true,
      "precision_label": "Exact site not published; shown at county level",
      "summary": "Holyoke · Hampden · Source context reviewed",
      "event_evidence": [
        {
          "date": "2026-06-16",
          "text": "The original Holyoke Council minutes record June 16, 2026 adoption of the general computing zoning order by nine votes to four, after a specific MGHPCC amendment. The separate study committee order was referred to committee. This records Council action rather than an independently read mayoral signature, legal commencement or exact Chestnut River project denial or physical closure.",
          "kind": "approved",
          "sources": [
            {
              "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/proudcity/holyokema/2026/04/item-3-june-16-2026-city-council-meeting-minutes-b22fb633.pdf",
              "host": "storage.googleapis.com",
              "published": "",
              "date": "",
              "checked": "2026-10-24",
              "label": "Reviewed government record"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "location_display": {
        "policy": "reviewed-map-references-2026-10-23",
        "decision": "withheld_unreviewed_point",
        "scope": "The available point evidence does not establish a supported site location. No site pin, nearby distance or aerial destination is published. The original coordinate and its provenance remain in research history.",
        "county_display": "25013"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mghpcc-holyoke-ma",
      "state": "ma",
      "kind": "facility",
      "name": "Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center",
      "group": "operating",
      "status": "Institution reported computing service",
      "raw_status": "operating",
      "status_field": "current_status",
      "crypto": false,
      "type": "Data center (inventory classification)",
      "counties": [
        "Hampden"
      ],
      "city": "Holyoke",
      "address": "",
      "who": "",
      "end_user": "",
      "mw": null,
      "power": "",
      "power_note": "",
      "investment": "",
      "jobs": "",
      "acres": null,
      "utility": "",
      "water": "",
      "incentives": "",
      "note": "Manual source context is available for this inherited inventory record. The inventory label and approximate geography are retained for discovery. This is not certification of current operation, ownership, a separate physical building, technical capacity or a precise parcel. Missing fields remain unknown. MGHPCC assessment identity and historical parcel transaction. Parcel area is not necessarily whole current campus footprint. Assessment construction year is not exact first computing operation. Sale amount is historical land/property transaction, not building capex or incentive. No critical IT MW, power contract or actual current load established. Fields can apply to shared campus, regional or historical context; consult source review before assigning to a building.",
      "date": "",
      "events": [],
      "timeline": [],
      "opened": "",
      "tier": "",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://arcgisserver.digital.mass.gov/arcgisserver/rest/services/AGOL/L3_Parcels_FeatureService_4326/FeatureServer/1/query?where=MAP_PAR_ID%3D%27020-02-003%27&outFields=*&f=json",
          "host": "arcgisserver.digital.mass.gov",
          "date": "",
          "published": "",
          "checked": "2026-10-14",
          "date_kind": "publication date not established",
          "label": "Reviewed source"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://mghpcc.org/directions-map/",
          "host": "mghpcc.org",
          "published": "",
          "date": "",
          "checked": "2026-10-23",
          "label": "Named public directions body identifies 100 Bigelow Street"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/geographies/onelineaddress?address=100+Bigelow+Street%2C+Holyoke%2C+MA+01040&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&vintage=Current_Current&format=json",
          "host": "geocoding.geo.census.gov",
          "published": "",
          "date": "",
          "checked": "2026-10-23",
          "label": "Complete literal Census street range and county response"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://basemap.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/USGSImageryOnly/MapServer/export?bbox=-72.6133017152968%2C42.19818328853755%2C-72.59996228470321%2C42.208064711462455&bboxSR=4326&imageSR=3857&size=1000%2C1000&format=png&f=image",
          "host": "basemap.nationalmap.gov",
          "published": "",
          "date": "",
          "checked": "2026-10-23",
          "label": "Actually viewed setting with unknown image acquisition date"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://mghpcc.org/mghpcc-overview/",
          "host": "mghpcc.org",
          "published": "",
          "date": "",
          "checked": "2026-10-23",
          "label": "Reviewed operator source"
        }
      ],
      "loc": {
        "lng": -72.606632,
        "lat": 42.203124,
        "precision": "address",
        "basis": "Named operator public directions identify 100 Bigelow Street, Holyoke, MA 01040. One complete literal Census street range supplies only a calculated street reference in Hampden County, not a particular roof, floor or parcel. Existing Native status remains unknown. Imagery acquisition date is unknown and may predate construction."
      },
      "reviewed_evidence": [
        {
          "overlay": "public-institution-review-round11-2026-10-14.json",
          "scope": "MGHPCC assessment identity and historical parcel transaction",
          "fields": {
            "agency": "Massachusetts public parcel service",
            "parcel": "020-02-003",
            "municipality": "Holyoke",
            "facility_address": "100 Bigelow Street, Holyoke, MA01040",
            "owner_as_listed": "Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing",
            "fiscal_year": 2026,
            "listed_lot_acres": 1.66,
            "assessment_building_area_sqft": 91700,
            "assessment_stories": 2,
            "assessment_year_built": 2012,
            "listed_prior_sale_date": "2011-10-07",
            "listed_prior_sale_usd": 856529
          },
          "notes": [
            "Parcel area is not necessarily whole current campus footprint. Assessment construction year is not exact first computing operation. Sale amount is historical land/property transaction, not building capex or incentive. No critical IT MW, power contract or actual current load established.",
            "Fields can apply to shared campus, regional or historical context; consult source review before assigning to a building."
          ],
          "sources": [
            {
              "url": "https://arcgisserver.digital.mass.gov/arcgisserver/rest/services/AGOL/L3_Parcels_FeatureService_4326/FeatureServer/1/query?where=MAP_PAR_ID%3D%27020-02-003%27&outFields=*&f=json",
              "host": "arcgisserver.digital.mass.gov",
              "date": "",
              "published": "",
              "checked": "2026-10-14",
              "date_kind": "publication date not established",
              "label": "Reviewed source"
            }
          ],
          "whole_record_certified": false
        },
        {
          "overlay": "Codex 2 location cohort 53, October 23, 2026",
          "scope": "Explicit source bound reference only. Existing Native status remains unknown. No current computing operation, operator role, title, owner, tenant, physical milestone, quantity, roof or complete campus is certified.",
          "fields": {
            "location_review_decision": {
              "location": {
                "lng": -72.606632,
                "lat": 42.203124,
                "precision": "address",
                "basis": "Named operator public directions identify 100 Bigelow Street, Holyoke, MA 01040. One complete literal Census street range supplies only a calculated street reference in Hampden County, not a particular roof, floor or parcel. Existing Native status remains unknown. Imagery acquisition date is unknown and may predate construction."
              },
              "reference_method": "Census interpolated street address",
              "published_address": "100 Bigelow Street, Holyoke, MA 01040",
              "county_fips": [
                "25013"
              ],
              "operator_coordinates_adopted": false,
              "corporate_address_adopted": false
            }
          },
          "notes": [
            "The public operator directions name the computing center and exact street in the body, independently of its matching footer. No private portal, login, entry procedure, contact detail or campus access information is admitted. The separately inherited public parcel query is not selected.",
            "Explicit source bound reference only. Existing Native status remains unknown. No current computing operation, operator role, title, owner, tenant, physical milestone, quantity, roof or complete campus is certified.",
            "The calculated street reference lies in an urban industrial setting beside canals, streets, paved parking and larger industrial forms. Residential blocks lie farther northwest. No residential roof, equipment, operating status or legal parcel is selected.",
            "The original inherited general area coordinate was not a reviewed physical facility destination. The exact independent official source and bounded reference now support only the scope explicitly stated in the basis. Earlier coordinates and complete source history remain intact. This is a reference correction, not physical relocation or a new physical milestone."
          ],
          "sources": [
            {
              "url": "https://mghpcc.org/directions-map/",
              "host": "mghpcc.org",
              "published": "",
              "date": "",
              "checked": "2026-10-23",
              "label": "Named public directions body identifies 100 Bigelow Street"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/geographies/onelineaddress?address=100+Bigelow+Street%2C+Holyoke%2C+MA+01040&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&vintage=Current_Current&format=json",
              "host": "geocoding.geo.census.gov",
              "published": "",
              "date": "",
              "checked": "2026-10-23",
              "label": "Complete literal Census street range and county response"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://basemap.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/USGSImageryOnly/MapServer/export?bbox=-72.6133017152968%2C42.19818328853755%2C-72.59996228470321%2C42.208064711462455&bboxSR=4326&imageSR=3857&size=1000%2C1000&format=png&f=image",
              "host": "basemap.nationalmap.gov",
              "published": "",
              "date": "",
              "checked": "2026-10-23",
              "label": "Actually viewed setting with unknown image acquisition date"
            }
          ],
          "checked": "2026-10-23",
          "whole_record_certified": false
        },
        {
          "overlay": "Codex 3 research cohort 66",
          "scope": "The complete original institutional overview explicitly describes computing and storage resources serving researchers and ongoing virtual experiments at the Holyoke facility. The complete directions body identifies the named institution and equipment access. This supports institution reported computing service without exporting a new address, measured computation count, energy result or opening day. A distinct proposed commercial facility and the municipal policy debate are not existing MGHPCC closure.",
          "fields": {
            "current_stage_evidence": {
              "outcome": "institution_named_current_holyoke_computing_service",
              "scope": "The complete original institutional overview explicitly describes computing and storage resources serving researchers and ongoing virtual experiments at the Holyoke facility. The complete directions body identifies the named institution and equipment access. This supports institution reported computing service without exporting a new address, measured computation count, energy result or opening day. A distinct proposed commercial facility and the municipal policy debate are not existing MGHPCC closure."
            },
            "source_read_scope": {
              "complete_original_overview_and_directions_text_bodies_read": true,
              "claimed_research_counts_not_measured_export": true,
              "no_general_ban_inferred_existing_center_closure": true
            }
          },
          "notes": [
            "The complete original institutional overview explicitly describes computing and storage resources serving researchers and ongoing virtual experiments at the Holyoke facility. The complete directions body identifies the named institution and equipment access. This supports institution reported computing service without exporting a new address, measured computation count, energy result or opening day. A distinct proposed commercial facility and the municipal policy debate are not existing MGHPCC closure.",
            "Existing roles, identities, physical placement, jurisdiction assignments, technical quantities and exact first opening days remain unchanged. Source retrieval does not date physical commissioning."
          ],
          "sources": [
            {
              "url": "https://mghpcc.org/mghpcc-overview/",
              "host": "mghpcc.org",
              "published": "",
              "date": "",
              "checked": "2026-10-23",
              "label": "Reviewed operator source"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://mghpcc.org/directions-map/",
              "host": "mghpcc.org",
              "published": "",
              "date": "",
              "checked": "2026-10-23",
              "label": "Reviewed operator source"
            }
          ],
          "checked": "2026-10-24",
          "whole_record_certified": false
        }
      ],
      "manual_source_reviewed": true,
      "whole_record_certified": false,
      "field_evidence_present": true,
      "inventory_label_retained": true,
      "precision_label": "Calculated official source street reference, not a surveyed roof or parcel",
      "summary": "Holyoke · Hampden · Source context reviewed",
      "status_scope": "The complete original institutional overview explicitly describes computing and storage resources serving researchers and ongoing virtual experiments at the Holyoke facility. The complete directions body identifies the named institution and equipment access. This supports institution reported computing service without exporting a new address, measured computation count, energy result or opening day. A distinct proposed commercial facility and the municipal policy debate are not existing MGHPCC closure."
    }
  ],
  "compilation_license": "withheld_pending_owner_decision"
}