{"schema_version":1,"layer":"water","reviewed_on":"2026-10-27","coverage_note":"Selected state reporting laws and proposals, annual operator disclosures and construction dewatering permits. Withdrawal, consumption, discharge, supply allocations and forecasts are different measures. Coverage is incomplete.","items":[{"id":"water-vt-groundwater-framework-20261025","kind":"water_reporting_context","subject":"Vermont groundwater thresholds and veto boundary","state_codes":["vt"],"scope":"General reporting and permit gates, exceptions and dated bill status are distinct from actual facility use.","fields":{"status":{"value":"program","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"vermont_groundwater_basis":{"value":"Groundwater reporting and permitting have distinct thresholds, exemptions and duties","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"reporting_gate":{"value":"More than20000 gallons per day averaged over a calendar month at a single tract of land or place of business, unless exempt.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"reporting_clock":{"value":"Annual report on or before September1 for preceding calendar year; includes location, capacity, frequency, rate, use and feasible distances.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"guidance_shorthand":{"value":"Agency page says greater than20000 gallons per day; statute specifies calendar month average.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"new_increased_permit_gate":{"value":"Commercial or industrial new or increased withdrawal more than57600 gallons per day from wells or springs on single tract or place of business requires prior permit, subject to exemptions.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"unpermitted_increase_gate":{"value":"Previously unpermitted rate increase after July1 2010:25 percent of baseline or57600 gallons increase, whichever smaller; baseline highest withdrawal between2005and2010.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"exemptions_boundary":{"value":"1417 has seven reporting exemptions including substantially similar agency reporting;1418 has six permitting exemptions. Reporting exemption is not automatically a permit exemption.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"below_threshold_discretion":{"value":"Secretary may require nonexempt withdrawals to obtain permit upon specified water quality or adverse impact determination.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"issuance_findings":{"value":"Efficient use, safe yield, planning consistency, water quality and no undue adverse effects must be determined before issuance. Projected withdrawal and return information is application data.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"permit_term":{"value":"Permit specific term cannot exceed10 years; shortage priority for drinking water, farming and dairy processing.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"transfer_boundary":{"value":"New owner applies for administrative amendment and assumes permit terms and obligations.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"h727_status":{"value":"Official status records May29 2026 veto sustained,83 yeas and52 nays, with no act information.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"veto_boundary":{"value":"Passed bill provisions are not enacted requirements; no data center specific threshold removal inferred.","source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action"},"individual_applicability":{"value":null,"source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action","unknown_reason":"Individual source, permit, actual outcome and exact record adoption not reviewed."},"reported_withdrawal":{"value":null,"source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action","unknown_reason":"Individual source, permit, actual outcome and exact record adoption not reviewed."},"reported_consumption":{"value":null,"source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action","unknown_reason":"Individual source, permit, actual outcome and exact record adoption not reviewed."},"actual_metered_use":{"value":null,"source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action","unknown_reason":"Individual source, permit, actual outcome and exact record adoption not reviewed."},"actual_compliance":{"value":null,"source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action","unknown_reason":"Individual source, permit, actual outcome and exact record adoption not reviewed."},"atlas_record_id":{"value":null,"source_ids":["vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025","vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025","vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025","vt-h727-status-20261025"],"scope":"General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established.","locator":"Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action","unknown_reason":"Individual source, permit, actual outcome and exact record adoption not reviewed."}}},{"id":"water-thermoelectric-vt-2015","kind":"water_context","subject":"Vermont historical thermoelectric water context","state_codes":["vt"],"scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","fields":{"historical_thermo_withdrawal":{"value":0.8,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,printed43,physical51; Vermont row","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_total_use":{"value":0.8,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,printed43,physical51; Vermont row","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_total_water_use"},"historical_thermo_consumptive_use":{"value":0.63,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,printed43,physical51; Vermont row","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_consumption"},"status":{"value":"historical","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation."},"report_period":{"value":"2015","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation."},"historical_thermo_boundary":{"value":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation."},"once_through_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13A,physical56,printed48; Vermont row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_withdrawal"},"once_through_total_water_use":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13A,physical56,printed48; Vermont row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_total_water_use"},"once_through_consumptive_use":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13A,physical56,printed48; Vermont row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_consumption"},"recirculating_withdrawal":{"value":0.8,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13B,physical57,printed49; Vermont row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_withdrawal"},"recirculating_total_water_use":{"value":0.8,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13B,physical57,printed49; Vermont row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_total_water_use"},"recirculating_consumptive_use":{"value":0.63,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13B,physical57,printed49; Vermont row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_consumption"},"cooling_category_boundary":{"value":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Tables13A and13B headers and notes","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation."},"historical_thermo_fresh_withdrawal":{"value":0.8,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_freshwater_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_saline_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_saline_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_fresh_consumptive_use":{"value":0.63,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_freshwater_consumption"},"historical_thermo_saline_consumptive_use":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_saline_consumption"},"historical_water_quality_boundary":{"value":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 headers and notes","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution."},"historical_thermo_ground_fresh_withdrawal":{"value":0.54,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_groundwater_fresh_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_ground_saline_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_groundwater_saline_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_surface_fresh_withdrawal":{"value":0.26,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_surfacewater_fresh_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_surface_saline_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_surfacewater_saline_withdrawal"},"historical_water_origin_boundary":{"value":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 groundwater and surface water headers and notes","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution."},"historical_thermo_reclaimed_water":{"value":null,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_reclaimed_wastewater","unknown_reason":"USGS Table12 reports a dash, defined as not estimated; no zero or absence inferred."},"historical_thermo_public_supply_deliveries":{"value":null,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_public_supply_delivery","unknown_reason":"USGS Table12 reports a dash, defined as not estimated; no zero or absence inferred."},"historical_water_delivery_boundary":{"value":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 reclaimed wastewater/public supply headers and dash definition","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance."},"historical_thermo_net_generation":{"value":445.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row","scope":"Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained.","unit":"GWh","measurement_role":"historical_net_thermoelectric_generation"},"historical_generation_boundary":{"value":"Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 net power generated header, gigawatt hours","scope":"Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained."}}},{"id":"water-thermoelectric-model-2020-vt","kind":"water_context","subject":"Vermont historical2020 modeled thermoelectric water context","state_codes":["vt"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","fields":{"status":{"value":"historical","source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Annual output YEAR2020 and model provenance"},"thermo2020_period":{"value":"2020","source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Annual CSV YEAR column"},"thermo2020_basis":{"value":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Published annual CSV/attribute definitions/catalog model limitations"},"thermo2020_model_rows":{"value":2,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_plant_year_rows"},"thermo2020_consumption_modeled_rows":{"value":2,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_modeled_consumption_rows"},"thermo2020_saline_consumption_unmodeled_rows":{"value":0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_saline_consumption_unmodeled_rows"},"thermo2020_withdrawal_sum":{"value":0.891573779213464,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_withdrawal_lower_sum":{"value":0.5874834366603,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_withdrawal_lower_plausibility_limits"},"thermo2020_withdrawal_upper_sum":{"value":1.502938656388411,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_withdrawal_upper_plausibility_limits"},"thermo2020_consumption_available_sum":{"value":0.636838413723903,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_available_model_consumption"},"thermo2020_consumption_lower_available_sum":{"value":0.522207499253601,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_consumption_lower_plausibility_limits"},"thermo2020_consumption_upper_available_sum":{"value":0.751469328194205,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_consumption_upper_plausibility_limits"},"thermo2020_cooling_basis":{"value":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Annual YEAR2020 CSV coolingType and metadata coolingType domain definitions"},"thermo2020_cooling_tower_rows":{"value":2,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Recirculating Tower","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_cooling_category_rows"},"thermo2020_cooling_tower_withdrawal":{"value":0.891573779213464,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Recirculating Tower","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_cooling_once_fresh_rows":{"value":0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Once-through fresh","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_cooling_category_rows"},"thermo2020_cooling_once_fresh_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Once-through fresh","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_cooling_complex_rows":{"value":0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Complex","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_cooling_category_rows"},"thermo2020_cooling_complex_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Complex","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_cooling_once_saline_rows":{"value":0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Once-through saline","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_cooling_category_rows"},"thermo2020_cooling_once_saline_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Once-through saline","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_cooling_pond_rows":{"value":0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Recirculating pond","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_cooling_category_rows"},"thermo2020_cooling_pond_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Recirculating pond","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"}}}],"sources":{"vt-groundwater-guidance-20261025":{"url":"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting","checked_at":"2026-10-25T00:43:54.237269+00:00","sha256":"783feb5b4f02ba6ec66e7884063795fdac02a5e949457e599e4ae113851ade17","title":"Groundwater withdrawal agency guidance","publisher":"Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation","tier":"A","published_on":null,"date_note":"Online publication date unknown; statute header includes2026session, bill action date separate.","scope":"Full substantive cited sections and agency guidance read; bill only last action and no act entry. Not entire legislative history or individual permit.","establishes_status":["program","historical"]},"vt-groundwater-reporting-law-20261025":{"url":"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417","checked_at":"2026-10-25T00:48:47.038067+00:00","sha256":"2cb232c7848055a62966fcae8207bc48218ad9d2959a5bd2808eb0843d814be6","title":"10VSA1417 reporting","publisher":"Vermont General Assembly","tier":"A","published_on":null,"date_note":"Online publication date unknown; statute header includes2026session, bill action date separate.","scope":"Full substantive cited sections and agency guidance read; bill only last action and no act entry. Not entire legislative history or individual permit.","establishes_status":["program","historical"]},"vt-groundwater-permit-law-20261025":{"url":"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418","checked_at":"2026-10-25T00:48:52.439008+00:00","sha256":"dcf7175f833f615dfba771b0f89daf4423750cd628835e3bd558ed86b0beb1d2","title":"10VSA1418 permits","publisher":"Vermont General Assembly","tier":"A","published_on":null,"date_note":"Online publication date unknown; statute header includes2026session, bill action date separate.","scope":"Full substantive cited sections and agency guidance read; bill only last action and no act entry. Not entire legislative history or individual permit.","establishes_status":["program","historical"]},"vt-h727-status-20261025":{"url":"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727","checked_at":"2026-10-25T00:44:16.398930+00:00","sha256":"d740b155bc3ca581aa29663134df8a8df47a6dc5bd8aca937026750a1768a3db","title":"H727 official status last action","publisher":"Vermont General Assembly","tier":"A","published_on":null,"date_note":"Online publication date unknown; statute header includes2026session, bill action date separate.","scope":"Full substantive cited sections and agency guidance read; bill only last action and no act entry. Not entire legislative history or individual permit.","establishes_status":["program","historical"]},"usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441":{"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf","title":"USGS Circular1441 Tables12,13A,13B historical thermoelectric water2015","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","published_on":null,"date_note":"Report explicitly2018, exact publication day not established from reviewed pages. Estimates represent2015, not capture2026.","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","checked_at":"2026-10-26T16:26:24.100526+00:00","sha256":"ef0e2caa3bd7769fde0de383f6668ba2559d8b716a38bfec6bed027729061f88","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"],"reviewed_cooling_pages":[{"physical_page":56,"printed_page":48,"actually_viewed":true,"image_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261024/usgs-water2015-cooling-56.png","image_sha256":"2679f353db6b2f6ecf3949271cdc27ee7a233e3a481ec48e634b455476967992","whole_report_read":false},{"physical_page":57,"printed_page":49,"actually_viewed":true,"image_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261024/usgs-water2015-cooling-57.png","image_sha256":"91b53a88319f53e4aaf723464e70bccb80da89f237483345d7433dfd3de7a635","whole_report_read":false}]},"usgs-thermo2020-annual-member":{"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443","title":"Published annual thermoelectric water model output2008-2020;2020 selection","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","published_on":"2023-10-31","date_note":"Catalog dataset publication2023-10-31;individual metadata revision day not established.","scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","checked_at":"2026-10-27T22:08:53.974305+00:00","sha256":"f19e1026cf5379a2d47a27412834365742f8b6b59aa9aeb8692543dcf18c7664","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/usgs-thermo-reanalysis-published-annual.csv","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"],"member":"4_model_results/published_annual_thermoelectric_water_use_estimates_2008-2020.csv","member_crc32":4031126398,"container_sha256":"2c365899da6a8016aa6da39265eeea0e7b4555dcd3f8b8fcf3c05b181409d54c","container_bytes":681440737,"container_raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/usgs-galanter2023-published-archive.zip"},"usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions":{"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02","title":"Annual thermoelectric model attribute definitions","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","published_on":null,"date_note":"Catalog dataset publication2023-10-31;individual metadata revision day not established.","scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","checked_at":"2026-10-27T22:10:39.568488+00:00","sha256":"da1a426d2920c63a91a66ac5c45cc21541d8f0fb807275491570c49f9356dda3","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attributes-20261027.bin","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"]},"usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog":{"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json","title":"Thermoelectric reanalysis2008-2020 catalog and limitations","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","published_on":null,"date_note":"Catalog dataset publication2023-10-31;individual metadata revision day not established.","scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","checked_at":"2026-10-27T22:05:54.160633+00:00","sha256":"782d5e88048b3a7d076539539a78a4beb382d5891ae5fa84f77d87fcdd5d5cc1","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog-json-20261027.bin","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"]}},"details":[{"id":"water-vt-groundwater-framework-20261025","html":"<article><h3>Vermont groundwater thresholds and veto boundary</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">General reporting and permit gates, exceptions and dated bill status are distinct from actual facility use.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Status</dt><dd>program<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Vermont groundwater basis</dt><dd>Groundwater reporting and permitting have distinct thresholds, exemptions and duties<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Reporting gate</dt><dd>More than20000 gallons per day averaged over a calendar month at a single tract of land or place of business, unless exempt.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Reporting clock</dt><dd>Annual report on or before September1 for preceding calendar year; includes location, capacity, frequency, rate, use and feasible distances.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Guidance shorthand</dt><dd>Agency page says greater than20000 gallons per day; statute specifies calendar month average.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>New increased permit gate</dt><dd>Commercial or industrial new or increased withdrawal more than57600 gallons per day from wells or springs on single tract or place of business requires prior permit, subject to exemptions.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Unpermitted increase gate</dt><dd>Previously unpermitted rate increase after July1 2010:25 percent of baseline or57600 gallons increase, whichever smaller; baseline highest withdrawal between2005and2010.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Exemptions boundary</dt><dd>1417 has seven reporting exemptions including substantially similar agency reporting;1418 has six permitting exemptions. Reporting exemption is not automatically a permit exemption.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Below threshold discretion</dt><dd>Secretary may require nonexempt withdrawals to obtain permit upon specified water quality or adverse impact determination.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Issuance findings</dt><dd>Efficient use, safe yield, planning consistency, water quality and no undue adverse effects must be determined before issuance. Projected withdrawal and return information is application data.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Permit term</dt><dd>Permit specific term cannot exceed10 years; shortage priority for drinking water, farming and dairy processing.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Transfer boundary</dt><dd>New owner applies for administrative amendment and assumes permit terms and obligations.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>H727 status</dt><dd>Official status records May29 2026 veto sustained,83 yeas and52 nays, with no act information.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Veto boundary</dt><dd>Passed bill provisions are not enacted requirements; no data center specific threshold removal inferred.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Individual applicability</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Reported withdrawal</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Reported consumption</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Actual metered use</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Actual compliance</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd><dt>Atlas record id</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://dec.vermont.gov/water/groundwater/groundwater-withdrawal-reporting-and-permitting\">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01417\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/10/048/01418\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.727\">Vermont General Assembly</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">General groundwater framework and separate dated bill status. No individual facility permit, measured use or compliance established. Locator: Agency guidance;1417and1418; H727 last action.</p></dd></dl></article>"},{"id":"water-thermoelectric-vt-2015","html":"<article><h3>Vermont historical thermoelectric water context</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Historical thermo withdrawal</dt><dd>0.80 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12,printed43,physical51; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo total use</dt><dd>0.80 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12,printed43,physical51; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo consumptive use</dt><dd>0.63 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12,printed43,physical51; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Status</dt><dd>historical<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42.</p></dd><dt>Report period</dt><dd>2015<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo boundary</dt><dd>Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42.</p></dd><dt>Once through withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13A,physical56,printed48; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Once through total water use</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13A,physical56,printed48; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Once through consumptive use</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13A,physical56,printed48; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Recirculating withdrawal</dt><dd>0.80 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13B,physical57,printed49; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Recirculating total water use</dt><dd>0.80 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13B,physical57,printed49; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Recirculating consumptive use</dt><dd>0.63 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13B,physical57,printed49; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Cooling category boundary</dt><dd>Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Tables13A and13B headers and notes.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo fresh withdrawal</dt><dd>0.80 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo saline withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo fresh consumptive use</dt><dd>0.63 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo saline consumptive use</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical water quality boundary</dt><dd>Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12 headers and notes.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo ground fresh withdrawal</dt><dd>0.54 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo ground saline withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo surface fresh withdrawal</dt><dd>0.26 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo surface saline withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical water origin boundary</dt><dd>Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12 groundwater and surface water headers and notes.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo reclaimed water</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo public supply deliveries</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical water delivery boundary</dt><dd>Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance. Locator: Table12 reclaimed wastewater/public supply headers and dash definition.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo net generation</dt><dd>445.00 GWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; Vermont row.</p></dd><dt>Historical generation boundary</dt><dd>Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained. Locator: Table12 net power generated header, gigawatt hours.</p></dd></dl></article>"},{"id":"water-thermoelectric-model-2020-vt","html":"<article><h3>Vermont historical2020 modeled thermoelectric water context</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Status</dt><dd>historical<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Annual output YEAR2020 and model provenance.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 period</dt><dd>2020<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Annual CSV YEAR column.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 basis</dt><dd>USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Published annual CSV/attribute definitions/catalog model limitations.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 model rows</dt><dd>2 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 consumption modeled rows</dt><dd>2 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 saline consumption unmodeled rows</dt><dd>0 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 withdrawal sum</dt><dd>0.89 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 withdrawal lower sum</dt><dd>0.59 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 withdrawal upper sum</dt><dd>1.50 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 consumption available sum</dt><dd>0.64 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 consumption lower available sum</dt><dd>0.52 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 consumption upper available sum</dt><dd>0.75 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 VT rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling basis</dt><dd>Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Annual YEAR2020 CSV coolingType and metadata coolingType domain definitions.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling tower rows</dt><dd>2 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Recirculating Tower.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling tower withdrawal</dt><dd>0.89 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Recirculating Tower.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling once fresh rows</dt><dd>0 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Once-through fresh.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling once fresh withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Once-through fresh.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling complex rows</dt><dd>0 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Complex.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling complex withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Complex.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling once saline rows</dt><dd>0 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Once-through saline.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling once saline withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Once-through saline.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling pond rows</dt><dd>0 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of VT YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Recirculating pond.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling pond withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for VT YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Recirculating pond.</p></dd></dl></article>"}]}