{"schema_version":1,"layer":"water","reviewed_on":"2026-10-27","coverage_note":"Selected state reporting laws and proposals, annual operator disclosures and construction dewatering permits. Withdrawal, consumption, discharge, supply allocations and forecasts are different measures. Coverage is incomplete.","items":[{"id":"water-wv-survey-20261025","kind":"water_reporting_context","subject":"West Virginia withdrawal survey and conditional disclosure framework","state_codes":["wv"],"scope":"Strict thirty day threshold, supplier reporting exception, actual versus potential and confidentiality process.","fields":{"status":{"value":"program","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025","wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025","wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"wv_survey_basis":{"value":"Water withdrawal survey and registration duties, not a water entitlement or individual actuals","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025","wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025","wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"quantity_gate":{"value":"Large quantity user withdraws over300000gallons in any thirty day period from state waters; strict over threshold, not300000or more or daily capacity.","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"bottling_scope":{"value":"Bottled water for resale qualifies regardless of quantity withdrawn.","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"farm_boundary":{"value":"Large quantity user definition excludes farm use including livestock or poultry watering; voluntary farm reporting allowed.","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"supplier_exception":{"value":"Purchased water customer exception applies where public or private utility or other service reports its total withdrawal. Not a blanket exemption for every supplied customer.","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"facility_aggregation":{"value":"Multiple state resource withdrawals made or controlled by one person and used at one facility or location count as one withdrawal.","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"annual_registry":{"value":"Registration maintained annually by large quantity users in secretary prescribed manner, subject to stated statutory provisions.","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"actual_potential_boundary":{"value":"Survey must reflect both actual and maximum potential withdrawal; maximum potential is facility designed physical and operational capacity, not actual consumption.","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025","wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"measurement_methods":{"value":"Actual withdrawal may be established by metering, measuring or accepted scientific estimation or indirect calculation. Not every reported quantity is directly metered.","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"confidentiality_claim":{"value":"Potential trade secret, protected homeland security or other FOIA exempt information may be deemed confidential; claimant identifies documents and submits written justification when submitted; secretary may approve or deny.","source_ids":["wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"aggregate_release":{"value":"Confidential information may appear in identity removed reports aggregated by hydrologic unit or region; government recipients must protect designated confidential information.","source_ids":["wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"disclosure_clock":{"value":"Secretary responds within ten business days to specific document request; disclosure of claimed confidential information not sooner than twenty days after disclosure determination unless claimant agrees earlier.","source_ids":["wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"appeal_stay":{"value":"Timely appeal stays confidential information disclosure determination pending final appeal decision. Request or claim alone is not approval or public release.","source_ids":["wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"scope_boundary":{"value":"No individual report disclosure, entitlement, compliance determination, measured use or exact Atlas match reviewed.","source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025","wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025","wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4."},"individual_registration":{"value":null,"source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025","wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025","wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4.","unknown_reason":"No individual registration, actual withdrawal or exact record match reviewed."},"actual_water_use":{"value":null,"source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025","wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025","wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4.","unknown_reason":"No individual registration, actual withdrawal or exact record match reviewed."},"atlas_record_id":{"value":null,"source_ids":["wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025","wv-water-law22-26-3-20261025","wv-water-confidentiality-20261025"],"scope":"Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown.","locator":"22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4.","unknown_reason":"No individual registration, actual withdrawal or exact record match reviewed."}}},{"id":"water-thermoelectric-wv-2015","kind":"water_context","subject":"West Virginia historical thermoelectric water context","state_codes":["wv"],"scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","fields":{"historical_thermo_withdrawal":{"value":1570.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,printed43,physical51; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_total_use":{"value":1570.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,printed43,physical51; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_total_water_use"},"historical_thermo_consumptive_use":{"value":89.9,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,printed43,physical51; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_consumption"},"status":{"value":"historical","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation."},"report_period":{"value":"2015","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation."},"historical_thermo_boundary":{"value":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation."},"once_through_withdrawal":{"value":1460.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13A,physical56,printed48; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_withdrawal"},"once_through_total_water_use":{"value":1460.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13A,physical56,printed48; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_total_water_use"},"once_through_consumptive_use":{"value":14.9,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13A,physical56,printed48; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_consumption"},"recirculating_withdrawal":{"value":113.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13B,physical57,printed49; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_withdrawal"},"recirculating_total_water_use":{"value":114.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13B,physical57,printed49; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_total_water_use"},"recirculating_consumptive_use":{"value":75.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table13B,physical57,printed49; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_consumption"},"cooling_category_boundary":{"value":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Tables13A and13B headers and notes","scope":"Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation."},"historical_thermo_fresh_withdrawal":{"value":1570.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_freshwater_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_saline_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_saline_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_fresh_consumptive_use":{"value":89.9,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_freshwater_consumption"},"historical_thermo_saline_consumptive_use":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_saline_consumption"},"historical_water_quality_boundary":{"value":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 headers and notes","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution."},"historical_thermo_ground_fresh_withdrawal":{"value":1.19,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_groundwater_fresh_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_ground_saline_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_groundwater_saline_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_surface_fresh_withdrawal":{"value":1570.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_surfacewater_fresh_withdrawal"},"historical_thermo_surface_saline_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_surfacewater_saline_withdrawal"},"historical_water_origin_boundary":{"value":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 groundwater and surface water headers and notes","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution."},"historical_thermo_reclaimed_water":{"value":null,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_reclaimed_wastewater","unknown_reason":"USGS Table12 reports a dash, defined as not estimated; no zero or absence inferred."},"historical_thermo_public_supply_deliveries":{"value":0.62,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance.","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"historical_estimated_public_supply_delivery"},"historical_water_delivery_boundary":{"value":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 reclaimed wastewater/public supply headers and dash definition","scope":"Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance."},"historical_thermo_net_generation":{"value":67700.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row","scope":"Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained.","unit":"GWh","measurement_role":"historical_net_thermoelectric_generation"},"historical_generation_boundary":{"value":"Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained.","source_ids":["usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441"],"locator":"Table12 net power generated header, gigawatt hours","scope":"Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained."}}},{"id":"water-thermoelectric-model-2020-wv","kind":"water_context","subject":"West Virginia historical2020 modeled thermoelectric water context","state_codes":["wv"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","fields":{"status":{"value":"historical","source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Annual output YEAR2020 and model provenance"},"thermo2020_period":{"value":"2020","source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Annual CSV YEAR column"},"thermo2020_basis":{"value":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Published annual CSV/attribute definitions/catalog model limitations"},"thermo2020_model_rows":{"value":9,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_plant_year_rows"},"thermo2020_consumption_modeled_rows":{"value":9,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_modeled_consumption_rows"},"thermo2020_saline_consumption_unmodeled_rows":{"value":0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_saline_consumption_unmodeled_rows"},"thermo2020_withdrawal_sum":{"value":494.1837352285347,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_withdrawal_lower_sum":{"value":240.38892692397152,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_withdrawal_lower_plausibility_limits"},"thermo2020_withdrawal_upper_sum":{"value":3271.0846845715932,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. 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No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_withdrawal_upper_plausibility_limits"},"thermo2020_consumption_available_sum":{"value":60.2493257607595,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. 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No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_available_model_consumption"},"thermo2020_consumption_lower_available_sum":{"value":49.26195707483734,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. 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No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","locator":"Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_consumption_lower_plausibility_limits"},"thermo2020_consumption_upper_available_sum":{"value":71.23669444668158,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. 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A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Annual YEAR2020 CSV coolingType and metadata coolingType domain definitions"},"thermo2020_cooling_tower_rows":{"value":8,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. 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No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated count of WV YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Recirculating Tower","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_cooling_category_rows"},"thermo2020_cooling_tower_withdrawal":{"value":79.36190435057372,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Recirculating Tower","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_cooling_once_fresh_rows":{"value":1,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. 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No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated count of WV YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Once-through fresh","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_cooling_category_rows"},"thermo2020_cooling_once_fresh_withdrawal":{"value":414.821830877961,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Once-through fresh","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_cooling_complex_rows":{"value":0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. 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A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Complex","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_cooling_once_saline_rows":{"value":0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. 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A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Once-through saline","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"},"thermo2020_cooling_pond_rows":{"value":0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated count of WV YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Recirculating pond","unit":"plant-year rows","measurement_role":"calculated_count_model_cooling_category_rows"},"thermo2020_cooling_pond_withdrawal":{"value":0.0,"source_ids":["usgs-thermo2020-annual-member","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions","usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog"],"scope":"Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.","locator":"Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Recirculating pond","unit":"million gallons per day","measurement_role":"calculated_sum_model_cooling_category_withdrawal"}}}],"sources":{"wv-water-law22-26-2-20261025":{"url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/","checked_at":"2026-10-25T03:38:58.323308+00:00","sha256":"d47731b12ff7abfe69cbd98f847c7e38f580aaf170f59101290b93d0b44db9b4","title":"West Virginia selected water withdrawal definition","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","tier":"A","published_on":null,"date_note":"Exact online publication day unknown; current official statutory text captured.","scope":"Selected22 26 2large quantity/maxpotential definitions;22 26 3c,d,l; complete22 26 4 reviewed. 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Not full article or individual reports.","establishes_status":["program"]},"usgs-thermoelectric-2015-circular1441":{"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf","title":"USGS Circular1441 Tables12,13A,13B historical thermoelectric water2015","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","published_on":null,"date_note":"Report explicitly2018, exact publication day not established from reviewed pages. Estimates represent2015, not capture2026.","scope":"Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.","checked_at":"2026-10-26T16:26:24.100526+00:00","sha256":"ef0e2caa3bd7769fde0de383f6668ba2559d8b716a38bfec6bed027729061f88","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"],"reviewed_cooling_pages":[{"physical_page":56,"printed_page":48,"actually_viewed":true,"image_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261024/usgs-water2015-cooling-56.png","image_sha256":"2679f353db6b2f6ecf3949271cdc27ee7a233e3a481ec48e634b455476967992","whole_report_read":false},{"physical_page":57,"printed_page":49,"actually_viewed":true,"image_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261024/usgs-water2015-cooling-57.png","image_sha256":"91b53a88319f53e4aaf723464e70bccb80da89f237483345d7433dfd3de7a635","whole_report_read":false}]},"usgs-thermo2020-annual-member":{"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443","title":"Published annual thermoelectric water model output2008-2020;2020 selection","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","published_on":"2023-10-31","date_note":"Catalog dataset publication2023-10-31;individual metadata revision day not established.","scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","checked_at":"2026-10-27T22:08:53.974305+00:00","sha256":"f19e1026cf5379a2d47a27412834365742f8b6b59aa9aeb8692543dcf18c7664","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/usgs-thermo-reanalysis-published-annual.csv","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"],"member":"4_model_results/published_annual_thermoelectric_water_use_estimates_2008-2020.csv","member_crc32":4031126398,"container_sha256":"2c365899da6a8016aa6da39265eeea0e7b4555dcd3f8b8fcf3c05b181409d54c","container_bytes":681440737,"container_raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/usgs-galanter2023-published-archive.zip"},"usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attribute-definitions":{"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02","title":"Annual thermoelectric model attribute definitions","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","published_on":null,"date_note":"Catalog dataset publication2023-10-31;individual metadata revision day not established.","scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","checked_at":"2026-10-27T22:10:39.568488+00:00","sha256":"da1a426d2920c63a91a66ac5c45cc21541d8f0fb807275491570c49f9356dda3","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/usgs-thermo-reanalysis-attributes-20261027.bin","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"]},"usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog":{"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json","title":"Thermoelectric reanalysis2008-2020 catalog and limitations","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","published_on":null,"date_note":"Catalog dataset publication2023-10-31;individual metadata revision day not established.","scope":"USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.","checked_at":"2026-10-27T22:05:54.160633+00:00","sha256":"782d5e88048b3a7d076539539a78a4beb382d5891ae5fa84f77d87fcdd5d5cc1","raw_path":"/Users/shaunwilson/Documents/Data Centers Atlas/build/cache/layers-20261023/usgs-thermo-reanalysis-catalog-json-20261027.bin","tier":"A","establishes_status":["historical"]}},"details":[{"id":"water-wv-survey-20261025","html":"<article><h3>West Virginia withdrawal survey and conditional disclosure framework</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">Strict thirty day threshold, supplier reporting exception, actual versus potential and confidentiality process.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Status</dt><dd>program<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Wv survey basis</dt><dd>Water withdrawal survey and registration duties, not a water entitlement or individual actuals<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Quantity gate</dt><dd>Large quantity user withdraws over300000gallons in any thirty day period from state waters; strict over threshold, not300000or more or daily capacity.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Bottling scope</dt><dd>Bottled water for resale qualifies regardless of quantity withdrawn.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Farm boundary</dt><dd>Large quantity user definition excludes farm use including livestock or poultry watering; voluntary farm reporting allowed.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Supplier exception</dt><dd>Purchased water customer exception applies where public or private utility or other service reports its total withdrawal. Not a blanket exemption for every supplied customer.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Facility aggregation</dt><dd>Multiple state resource withdrawals made or controlled by one person and used at one facility or location count as one withdrawal.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Annual registry</dt><dd>Registration maintained annually by large quantity users in secretary prescribed manner, subject to stated statutory provisions.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Actual potential boundary</dt><dd>Survey must reflect both actual and maximum potential withdrawal; maximum potential is facility designed physical and operational capacity, not actual consumption.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Measurement methods</dt><dd>Actual withdrawal may be established by metering, measuring or accepted scientific estimation or indirect calculation. Not every reported quantity is directly metered.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Confidentiality claim</dt><dd>Potential trade secret, protected homeland security or other FOIA exempt information may be deemed confidential; claimant identifies documents and submits written justification when submitted; secretary may approve or deny.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Aggregate release</dt><dd>Confidential information may appear in identity removed reports aggregated by hydrologic unit or region; government recipients must protect designated confidential information.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Disclosure clock</dt><dd>Secretary responds within ten business days to specific document request; disclosure of claimed confidential information not sooner than twenty days after disclosure determination unless claimant agrees earlier.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Appeal stay</dt><dd>Timely appeal stays confidential information disclosure determination pending final appeal decision. Request or claim alone is not approval or public release.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Scope boundary</dt><dd>No individual report disclosure, entitlement, compliance determination, measured use or exact Atlas match reviewed.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Individual registration</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Actual water use</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd><dt>Atlas record id</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-2/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-3/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-26-4/\">West Virginia Legislature</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 25, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Selected state survey framework only; reports, disclosure outcomes and actual use unknown. Locator: 22 26 2definitions;22 26 3c,d,l;22 26 4..</p></dd></dl></article>"},{"id":"water-thermoelectric-wv-2015","html":"<article><h3>West Virginia historical thermoelectric water context</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Historical thermo withdrawal</dt><dd>1570.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12,printed43,physical51; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo total use</dt><dd>1570.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12,printed43,physical51; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo consumptive use</dt><dd>89.90 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12,printed43,physical51; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Status</dt><dd>historical<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42.</p></dd><dt>Report period</dt><dd>2015<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo boundary</dt><dd>Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 state thermoelectric power estimates, including fresh and saline water. Not current2026 conditions, data center facility use, drinking water demand, permit allocation or proof of a data center effect. Withdrawal, total water use including deliveries and reclaimed wastewater, and consumptive use are distinct. Consumption may exceed withdrawal because other supplied water is included. Independent rounding is retained; no facility joins or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table12 header and notes; thermoelectric section printed42.</p></dd><dt>Once through withdrawal</dt><dd>1460.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13A,physical56,printed48; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Once through total water use</dt><dd>1460.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13A,physical56,printed48; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Once through consumptive use</dt><dd>14.90 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13A,physical56,printed48; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Recirculating withdrawal</dt><dd>113.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13B,physical57,printed49; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Recirculating total water use</dt><dd>114.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13B,physical57,printed49; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Recirculating consumptive use</dt><dd>75.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Table13B,physical57,printed49; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Cooling category boundary</dt><dd>Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2015 thermoelectric power cooling categories: once through and recirculating. These are power plant cooling estimates, not data center cooling technology or current facility use. Withdrawal, total water use including supplied and reclaimed water, and consumptive use remain distinct. Published zero differs from not estimated. Independently rounded cooling totals are not forced to equal Table12 totals; no facility or per kWh allocation. Locator: Tables13A and13B headers and notes.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo fresh withdrawal</dt><dd>1570.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo saline withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo fresh consumptive use</dt><dd>89.90 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo saline consumptive use</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical water quality boundary</dt><dd>Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power water quality categories, fresh and saline. These are not potable water classifications, current data center use or municipal drinking water allocations. Withdrawal differs from consumptive use; supplied and reclaimed water contributions retain their separate definitions. Independently rounded fresh and saline values are not forced to equal the published total. No facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12 headers and notes.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo ground fresh withdrawal</dt><dd>1.19 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo ground saline withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo surface fresh withdrawal</dt><dd>1570.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo surface saline withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical water origin boundary</dt><dd>Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power withdrawals by groundwater and surface water, each separated into fresh and saline. These are state power generation estimates, not current data center water demand, aquifer stress, potable supply, permits or facility allocations. Withdrawal is not consumption. Independently rounded components are not forced to equal published totals; no facility or per kWh attribution. Locator: Table12 groundwater and surface water headers and notes.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo reclaimed water</dt><dd><span class=\"layer-empty\">Not established</span><span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo public supply deliveries</dt><dd>0.62 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical water delivery boundary</dt><dd>Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 thermoelectric power reclaimed wastewater and freshwater public supply deliveries, in million gallons per day. These inputs differ from direct withdrawals and consumptive use. A source dash means not estimated, not zero or no use; published zeros remain zero. No current data center use, potable quality certification, local supply allocation, permit, facility or per kWh inference. Independently rounded values are not forced to balance. Locator: Table12 reclaimed wastewater/public supply headers and dash definition.</p></dd><dt>Historical thermo net generation</dt><dd>67700.00 GWh<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained. Locator: Table12,physical51,printed43; West Virginia row.</p></dd><dt>Historical generation boundary</dt><dd>Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1441/circ1441.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 26, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical 2015 net thermoelectric power generated in gigawatt hours, from the same USGS state table as water estimates. Net generation is energy, not installed capacity, peak load, gross generation, electricity sales or data center electricity use. No current-year, facility, water intensity or per kWh allocation inferred; independently rounded source values retained. Locator: Table12 net power generated header, gigawatt hours.</p></dd></dl></article>"},{"id":"water-thermoelectric-model-2020-wv","html":"<article><h3>West Virginia historical2020 modeled thermoelectric water context</h3><p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.</p><dl class=\"layer-fields\"><dt>Status</dt><dd>historical<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Annual output YEAR2020 and model provenance.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 period</dt><dd>2020<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Annual CSV YEAR column.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 basis</dt><dd>USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Published annual CSV/attribute definitions/catalog model limitations.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 model rows</dt><dd>9 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 consumption modeled rows</dt><dd>9 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 saline consumption unmodeled rows</dt><dd>0 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 withdrawal sum</dt><dd>494.18 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 withdrawal lower sum</dt><dd>240.39 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 withdrawal upper sum</dt><dd>3271.08 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 consumption available sum</dt><dd>60.25 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 consumption lower available sum</dt><dd>49.26 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 consumption upper available sum</dt><dd>71.24 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">USGS2008-2020 thermoelectric water-use reanalysis,published annual output filtered to2020:modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not observed current2026 water use.958plant-year rows cover48conterminous states,not a complete facility census or data center inventory. Withdrawals include fresh/saline rows;consumption at coastal saline plants was not modeled.54Once-through saline source zero-consumption placeholders are excluded from consumption sums,not measured zero. State best/lower/upper figures are calculated sums of source plant model estimates and thermodynamic plausibility limits,not statewide statistical confidence intervals. Do not compare directly with2015county compilation as a measured trend;methods differ. HUC12 IDs and county labels do not certify parcels;README says public model-input coordinates use interpolated HUC12 centroids,not precise plant locations. No source coordinates adopted,site joins,permit/sustainable availability/datacenter allocation or causal inference. Locator: Calculated from2020 WV rows; source estimate/plausibility fields retained,not a statistical state interval.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling basis</dt><dd>Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation.<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Annual YEAR2020 CSV coolingType and metadata coolingType domain definitions.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling tower rows</dt><dd>8 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of WV YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Recirculating Tower.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling tower withdrawal</dt><dd>79.36 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Recirculating Tower.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling once fresh rows</dt><dd>1 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of WV YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Once-through fresh.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling once fresh withdrawal</dt><dd>414.82 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Once-through fresh.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling complex rows</dt><dd>0 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of WV YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Complex.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling complex withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Complex.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling once saline rows</dt><dd>0 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of WV YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Once-through saline.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling once saline withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Once-through saline.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling pond rows</dt><dd>0 plant-year rows<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated count of WV YEAR2020 rows with exact coolingType=Recirculating pond.</p></dd><dt>Thermo2020 cooling pond withdrawal</dt><dd>0.00 million gallons per day<span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__b7%2Fce%2Fee%2Fb7ceee404ebbc37e014be1ac9098088824e00443\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: October 31, 2023. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?f=__disk__da%2Fd9%2F78%2Fdad9784363a86225e69035d9b8c7ef7a8d99da02\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <span class=\"layer-source\"><a href=\"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63adc826d34e92aad3ca5af4?format=json\">U.S. Geological Survey</a>. Source: Publication date not stated. Checked: October 27, 2026.</span> <p class=\"layer-scope\">Historical2020 USGS model-assigned cooling-system categories within the958 reviewed plant-year rows. Counts are model rows,not separate cooling systems or complete state facility counts. Complex means more than one cooling system type;do not distribute Complex rows among other categories. Once-through fresh and saline are literal source categories;do not classify all other categories as freshwater. Withdrawal sums are modeled annual-mean million gallons/day,not consumption,discharge,permits or available supply. A category with no selected rows has a calculated count and sum of zero within this dataset,not evidence of no statewide physical use. All five mutually exclusive model categories partition these rows;saline consumption remains unmodeled and is not inferred from withdrawals. No source coordinates,Native joins,facility or data center allocation. Locator: Calculated sum of wd_mgd for WV YEAR2020 exact coolingType=Recirculating pond.</p></dd></dl></article>"}]}